A substantial body of evidence points to medical errors as a leading cause of death and injury,1 with such errors killing up to 24,000 hospitalised patients in Canada annually. In a Canadian study evaluating the incidence of adverse events in acute care hospitals, 7.5% of medical and surgical admissions led to adverse events, of which 37% were preventable.

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The evolution of simulation use in nursing and health care education is a relatively short but a deeply rich one. Simulation use involves several areas and extends beyond the technology of simulators. Evolution of simulation includes technological advances, but it also includes advances in accessibility.

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The Blue PhantomTM 2 Vessel Original Ultrasound Training Model demonstrated excellent durability after 1,000 needle punctures in a 1- cm2 area. Based on the length of simulated vessel in each model, it should support over 25,000 simulated attempts at vascular access.

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Although radiofrequency ablation has resulted in high rates of success in the management of RAAT, inadequate ablation as a result of inability to reach target sites, catheter instability, induction of AF, prolonged procedure times, and radiation exposure constitute some of the limitations in achieving success.

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Exposure of pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators to a magnetic field of 0.1 T does not result in a force exceeding the regulatory demanded 5 N that could damage the connected leads.

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Pulmonary vein anatomy assessed by MDCT is a good predictor of AF recurrence after PVA using RMN.

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The net benefit and effectiveness of RMN-guided AF ablation with an open-irrigated catheter compared with manual navigation is not easy to predict and cannot be clearly distinguished from bias. Our results are limited by the existing trials which are small and not randomized, and heterogeneity prevents firm conclusions.

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